Genetic resources management
- Two thousand four hundred and two (2402) germplasm accessions are being maintained at PCU, Jabalpur and characterization is being done for 10 quantitative and 18 morphological traits.
- Four germplasm accessions (IC296761, IC522204, IC548341, IC553270) were registered with NBPGR, New Delhi.
- High oil content and seed yield accessions identified: SI-3283, PCU-35, GRT-8376-1, JLS-706, LT-15-26, SI-770, DS-68, AT 413, AT 437, RT-386
- Early maturity accessions identified: SI-205-1, EC 542304, RT 383, AT 504, RT 388, AT375, MT 31-7, MT 5-04, JLS-1502-4
- Molecular characterization of 70 sesame varieties using SSR marker is done
- 4 Catalogues comprising 7260 germplasm has been published.
- A compendium on sesame varieties as per DUS guidelines was published in 2020.
- Potential donors for different target traits of interest of sesame accessions have been identified and are being utilized in crop improvement programme.
Table 1. Varieties of Sesame released for different states
Releasing State/ Variety | Year of Release | Seed Yield
(kg/ha) |
Oil content (%) | Days to maturity | Salient characters |
GUJARAT
|
|||||
Purva-1 | 1969 | 650-700 | 48-50 | 95-100 | Reddish brown seed, Moderately resistant to Powdery mildew. |
Gujarat Til-1 | 1979 | 650-700 | 48-52 | 86-92 | White seed, moderately resistant to powdery mildew |
Gujarat Til-2 | 1994 | 750-800 | 48-52 | 88-92 | White seed, branching type, multi capsular |
Gujarat Til-10 | 2002 | 750-800 | 48-52 | 88-92 | Black seed, resistant to powdery mildew |
Gujarat Til-3 | 2006 | 750-800 | 48-52 | 84-88 | White bold seed, profused branching, medium
maturing |
Gujarat Til-4 | 2010 | 750-800 | 48-52 | 79-83 | White seed, early maturing, multicapsuler |
GJT-5 | 2016 | 900-1000 | 48-50 | 82-94 | White boldseeded, suitable for export purpose |
GT-6 | 2018 | 900-1000 | 49-51 | 80-85 | White seed with bolder size, suitable for export |
RAJASTHAN | |||||
Pratap
(C-50) |
1967 | 600-650 | 48-52 | 95-100 | Dull White seed, tolerant to Macrophomina |
RT-46 | 1990 | 700-750 | 48-50 | 82-85 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
RT-54 | 1992 | 700-800 | 43-46 | 78-80 | Light brown seed, tolerant to leaf blight and
Alternaria |
RT-125 | 1994 | 700-800 | 48-50 | 83-88 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria and bacterial leaf
blight |
RT-103 | 1994 | 700-800 | 46-50 | 83-88 | White seed, tolerant to bacterial leaf blight |
RT-127 | 2001 | 750-850 | 50-52 | 82-86 | White bold seed, drought hardy, tolerant to bacterial leaf spot and powdery mildew |
RT- 346 | 2009 | 750-850 | 49-51 | 82-86 | White seed, short internodal distance, tolerant to leaf curl and Alternaria |
RT- 351 | 2010 | 700-800 | 48-51 | 80-85 | White seed, tolerant to leaf curl and Cercospora |
RT-372 | 2018 | 600-650 | 48-50 | 85-90 | White seed, Mod. resistant to leaf webber, capsule borer (Antigastra), Macrophomica stem and root rot, phyllody and resistant to Alternaria leaf spot and Cercospora leaf spot, shattering resistant |
MAHARASHTRA | |||||
Phule Til.1 | 1978 | 600-700 | 49-51 | 90-95 | White seed |
N-8 | 1982 | 600-650 | 50-51 | 120-125 | Light Brown tinge seed, resistant to powdery mildew, tolerant to Alternaria |
Tapi (JLT -7) | 1987 | 600-700 | 48-52 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
Padma (JLT-26) | 1991 | 700-750 | 48-50 | 82-86 | Light brown seed, tolerant to Alternaria and
Cercospora. |
AKT-64 | 1996 | 700-750 | 47-48 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Phytopthora |
AKT-101 | 2001 | 750-800 | 48-49 | 88-90 | White seed, Oxalic acid below 1 % and FFA below
2 %, tolerant to bacterial blight |
PKV-NT-11 | 2009 | 800-850 | 48-49 | 88-92 | White seed, tolerant to bacterial blight, |
JLT-408 | 2010 | 700-800 | 51-53 | 80-85 | White bold seed, tolerant to powdery mildew |
MADHYA PRADESH/CHHATTISGARH | |||||
N-32 | 1969 | 600-650 | 44-46 | 85-90 | White seed, moderately resistant to Alternaria, Tolerant to gallfly and capsule borer. |
Kanchan (JT-7) | 1980 | 600-700 | 50-53 | 84-88 | White seed |
TKG-21 (JT-21) | 1993 | 650-700 | 52-54 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria and bacterial leaf
spot |
TKG-22 | 1995 | 650-700 | 50-54 | 82-85 | White seed, tolerant to Phytophthora |
TKG-55 (JT- 55) | 1999 | 650-700 | 50-53 | 82-85 | White seed, tolerant to Phytophthora |
JTS-8 | 2001 | 650-700 | 50-53 | 82-85 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria and Phytophthora |
Jawahar Til-11
(PKDS-11-Venkat) |
2006 | 650-700 | 46-50 | 82-85 | Dark brown seed |
TKG-306 | 2006 | 700-800 | 49-52 | 86-90 | White seed, tolerant to Phytophthora, Cercospora,
Powdery mildew, and Alternaria |
Jawahar Til –12
(PKDS-12) |
2008 | 700-750 | 48-52 | 82-85 | White seed |
TKG-308 | 2008 | 700-750 | 46-50 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Phytophthora, Cercospora,
Powdery mildew and Alternaria |
Jawahar Til -14
(PKDS-8) |
2010 | 700-750 | 50-53 | 85-88 | Black seed |
UTTAR PRADESH/UTTARANCHAL | |||||
T-4 | 1959 | 600-650 | 46-48 | 85-90 | White seed, Drought susceptible |
T-12 | 1962 | 650-700 | 46-50 | 85-88 | White seed, tolerant to leaf curl |
T-13 | 1967 | 600-700 | 48-52 | 82-88 | White seed, tolerant to lodging |
T-78 | 1995 | 650-700 | 46-50 | 85-90 | White seed, Resistant to lodging and tolerant to leaf
curl disease |
Shekhar | 2001 | 700-800 | 50-52 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Powdery mildew, moderatelyresistant to Phytopthora |
Pragati (MT-75) | 2002 | 700-750 | 48-52 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to Powdery mildew, and
Phytophthora |
WEST BENGAL | |||||
Tilottama (B-67) | 1984 | 900-1000
(Summer) |
42-44 | 80-85 | Blackish brown seed, tolerant to Macrophomina |
Rama (Imp.Sel.5) | 1989 | 1000-1003
(Summer) |
46-48 | 85-90 | Reddish brown seed |
SWB-32-10-1
(Savitri) |
2008 | 1100-1400
(Summer) |
48-50 | 84-88 | Light brown seed, tolerant to lodging |
Suprava
(CUMS-17) |
2018 | 900-1200 | 48-50 | 88-92 | Light brown Coloured, days, 1000 seed wt-3.3-3.5 g, resistant to root rot, phyllody and powdery mildew; adaptability under high heat and drought situation |
HARYANA | |||||
Haryana Til-1 | 1978 | 700-750 | 48-50 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to leaf curl |
Haryana Til-2 | 2012 | 650-750 | 48-50 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to leaf curl |
ANDHRA PRADESH | |||||
Gauri | 1974 | 650-700 | 46-48 | 85-90 | Dark brown seed, suitable for early kharif and summer |
Madhavi | 1978 | 650-700 | 46-48 | 78-82 | Light brown seed |
Rajeshwari | 1988 | 700-750 | 48-50 | 85-90 | White seed, tolerant to stem rot and powdery mildew |
Varaha (Yel.1) | 1993 | 800-850 | 50-53 | 82-85 | Dark brown seed, uniform maturity. |
Gautama (Yel.2) | 1993 | 750-800 | 50-52 | 76-80 | Light brown seed, uniform maturity, tolerant to Alternaria |
Swetha Til | 1997 | 750-800 | 50-52 | 82-86 | White seed, tolerant to powdery mildew, leaf curl |
Chandana | 2002 | 800-850 | 45-48 | 84-88 | Brown seed, tolerant to bacterial blight |
Hima | 2006 | 800-850 | 48-50 | 80-85 | Shiny white seed, long capsules, tolerant to
Alternaria |
ODISHA | |||||
Kanak | 1979 | 600-700 | 46-48 | 85-90 | Light brown seed, tolerant to lodging |
T-85 | 1962 | 600-650 | 42-45 | 90-95 | White seed |
Kalika | 1985 | 600-700 | 45-48 | 85-90 | Light brown seed, tolerant to Macrophomina |
Vinayak | 1989 | 600-650 | 43-46 | 85-90 | Light brown seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
Uma
(OMT-11-6-3) |
1992 | 750-850 | 42-46 | 75-80 | Pale white seed, tolerant to Macrophomina |
Usha
(OMT-11-6-5) |
1992 | 700-750 | 43-46 | 85-90 | Light brown seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
Nirmala
(OS-Sel-164) |
2003 | 800-900 | 42-44 | 80-85 | White seed, tolerant to bacterial leaf spot, powdery
mildew and Alternaria |
Prachi (ORM-17) | 2004 | 800-900 | 42-45 | 85-90 | Black seed, tolerant to cercospora, powdery mildew |
Amrit [OSC- 24(95)2-1-3] | 2007 | 800-900 | 43-46 | 82-85 | Light brown seed, tolerant to powdery mildew and Alternaria |
Shubhra | 2012 | 800-900 | 48-52 | 78-84 | White seed, delayed shattering tolerant to Alternaria |
Smarak | 2012 | 800-900 | 48-52 | 80-85 | Golden yellow bold seed, delayed shattering, synchronous maturity, tolerant to Macrophomina and Alternaria |
TAMIL NADU | |||||
TMV- 3 | 1943 | 650-700 | 50-52 | 80-85 | Dark Brown seed |
TMV-4 | 1977 | 700-850 | 48-50 | 85-90 | Light Brown seed |
TMV-6 | 1980 | 700-950 | 52-54 | 85-90 | Dark Brown seed, tolerant to drought |
CO -1 | 1983 | 650-750 | 50-52 | 85-90 | Black seed, moderately resistant to
Macrophomina |
Paiyur-1 | 1990 | 750-850 | 50-52 | 85-90 | Dark Brown seed, tolerant to powdery mildew |
TSS-6 (SVPR-1) | 1991 | 750-800 | 50-54 | 75-80 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
VRI (SV)-1 | 1995 | 600-700 | 50-52 | 72-75 | Dark brown seed, moderately resistant to
Powdery Mildew |
VRI (SV)-2 | 2005 | 700-800 | 50-53 | 80-85 | Dark brown seed |
TMV(SV)-7 | 2009 | 800-900 | 48-50 | 80-85 | Brown testa, suitable for confectionery |
VRI 3 | 2018 | 850-950 | 50-52 | 75-80 | Moderately resistant to Macrophomina and shoot webber cum capsule borer |
BIHAR/JHARKHAND | |||||
Krishna | 1989 | 700-750 | 45-48 | 88-95 | Black seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
KARNATAKA | |||||
E-8 | 1987 | 550-600 | 46-48 | 95-100 | White seed, tolerant to powdery mildew and bacterial leaf blight. |
DS-1 | 1995 | 400-500 | 48-50 | 95-100 | White seed, tolerant to bacterial blight |
DSS-9 | 2009 | 550-600 | 49-50 | 85-90 | White bold seed, tolerant to bacterial blight |
DS-5 | 2012 | 600-700 | 50-52 | 90-95 | White bold seed |
KERALA | |||||
Thilothama | 1982 | 600-650 | 48-50 | 85-90 | Brown bold seed |
Soma | 1984 | 600-650 | 44-48 | 85-95 | White seed, tolerant to Alternaria |
Surya | 1984 | 600-650 | 44-48 | 85-95 | Black seed |
Kayamkulam-1 | 2006 | 600-650 | 48-50 | 80-85 | Brownish black seed |
Thilak | 2006 | 600-650 | 48-50 | 85-90 | Dark brown seed |
Thilathara | 2006 | 600-650 | 48-52 | 84-88 | Dark brown seed, suitable for both rice fallow and upland, tolerant to powdery mildew |
Thilarani | 2006 | 650-750 | 46-50 | 82-86 | Dark brown seed, tolerant to powdery mildew |
PUNJAB | |||||
Punjab Til-1 | 1966 | 650-700 | 48-52 | 80-85 | White seed |
TC-25 | 1978 | 700-800 | 50-52 | 80-85 | White seed |
TC-289 | 1986 | 700-800 | 48-52 | 84-88 | White seed |
Punjab Til-2 | 2016 | 700-800 | 48-50 | 85-90 | White seeded, bold seeded, Toleranceto Cercospora leaf blight and phyllody
|
HIMACHAL PRADESH | |||||
Brijeshwari
(LTK-4) |
2001 | 800-850 | 48-52 | 85-90 | White bold seed, medium tall with spreading branches |
Niger
State/ Recommended Variety | Year of Release | Average Seed Yield
(kg/ha) |
Oil
content (%) |
Days to maturity | Salient features |
Madhya Pradesh/ Chhattisgarh | |||||
Oootacmund | 1955 | 500-550 | 36-38 | 95-100 | Black seed |
JNC-6 | 2001 | 650-700 | 37-38 | 95-100 | Shining dark black seed. Recommended for Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnatka and Rajasthan states |
JNC-1 | 2002 | 650-700 | 38-40 | 90-100 | Black seed. Recommended for Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnatka and Rajasthan states |
JNS-9 | 2004 | 650-700 | 38-40 | 95-100 | Black seed, tolerant to moisture stress. Recommended for all major growing states of the country |
JNC-28 | 2016 | 550-600 | 34-36 | 100-100 | Resistant to Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot under field condition |
JNC-30 | 2016 | 550-600 | 35-37 | 100-105 | Seed Shining Black, tolerant to Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot and root rot diseases under field conditions |
Odisha | |||||
GA-10 | 1991 | 600-650 | 39-41 | 115-120 | Tall, dark black seed. Recommended for tribal areas of Odisha |
Utkal Niger-150 | 2007 | 650-700 | 38-40 | 105-110 | Black seed, tolerant to Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot |
Maharashtra | |||||
IGP-76 (Sahyadri) | 1982 | 500-550 | 35-38 | 95-100 | Black Seed, Widely adopted to all over India |
N-5 | 2001 | 500-600 | 36-39 | 95-100 | Small black and sickle shaped seed. Recommended for Maharashtra and Bihar states |
IGPN-2004-1,
(Phule Karala-1) |
2007 | 650-700 | 39-41 | 98-105 | Shining black seed, Recommended for high rainfall areas of Maharashtra and Karnatka states. Tolerant to Alternaria leaf spot, powdery mildew. |
IGPN-8004 | 450-500 | 34-35 | 100-105 | resistant to Leaf spot and Powdery mildew diseases | |
Bihar/ Jharkhand | |||||
Birsa Niger-1 | 1994 | 550-600 | 36-38 | 95-100 | Light black seed. Recommended for uplands of Bihar/ Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh |
Birsa Niger-2 (BNS-8) | 2003 | 600-650 | 35-38 | 95-100 | Black seed. Recommended for all niger growing states of the country |
BNS-10 (Pooja-1) | 2008 | 650-700 | 36-38 | 95-100 | Shining black seed. Recommended for all niger growing states of the country |
Karnataka | |||||
No.71 | 1976 | 400-450 | 36-38 | 100-105 | Black bold seed |
RCR-317 | 1987 | 500-550 | 35-38 | 90-95 | Black seed |
RCR-18 | 2000 | 400-450 | 34-35 | 100-110 | Light black seed and robust growth habit |
KBN-1 | 2007 | 550-650 | 36-38 | 85-95 | Black seed |
DNS-4 | 2012 | 500-600 | 39-41 | 90-95 | Shining black bold seed |
Gujarat | |||||
Guj. Niger-1 | 2000 | 600-650 | 35-38 | 95-100 | Black seed |
Guj. Niger-2 (NRS-96-1) | 2003 | 650-700 | 35-38 | 90-95 | Black seed. Recommended for all niger growing states of the country |
GNNIG-3
Vanarasi Gujarat |
2016 | 400-450 | 32-35 | 110-115 | Bold seeded with shining black colour, Resistant to Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot |
Tamil Nadu | |||||
Paiyur –1 | 1996 | 600-650 | 35-38 | 90-95 | Black seed. Recommended for hilly regions of Tamilnadu state |
AGRONOMY
Technology developed
ICM-09
- Sowing of sesame at 30 cm x 10 cm planting geometry can help in reducing 30-40% seed as compared to broadcasting and also quite effective for getting maximum yield and economic returns.
- Application of recommended dose of fertilizer with thinning along-with plant protection and weeding proved very effective for getting maximum yield and net returns.
- Application of salicylic acid (SA) @ 100 ppm +DAP @ 2% after terminal nipping at 30 DAS promotes higher branching and pod formation and results in higher yield and economic returns.
- As compared to organic sources, application of recommended doses of fertilizer along with suitable pesticides, gave higher yield and low cost of cultivation.
- Intercropping of sesame with cotton (3:1) at Amreli, black gram (3:3) at Mauranipur and groundnut (2:2) at Vridhachalam proved promising for fetching higher economic returns.
- Sowing of sesame on broad bed furrow with crop residue mulch gave maximum grain yield by conserving the In-situ moisture, enhanced the plant growth, yield attributes and gave maximum economic returns under rainfed condition.
- Sowing of sesame as sequence cropping system with gram (sesame-gram) recorded the highest system productivity, net returns and B:C ratio over other cropping sequence with sesame at Mandor.
- Sowing of pelleted seed of sesame with dibbling in ridges under ridge and furrow system gave good plant establishment and recorded higher yield as well as higher economic returns.
INM- 07
- Under the integrated nutrient management, application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through inorganic sources gave maximum yield and monetary returns followed by 75 % RDN through inorganic +12.5 % through FYM + 12.5 % through oil cake.
- Application of 20 kg/ha sulphur (through gypsum) recorded maximum seed yield, NMR, B: C ratio and oil yield.
- Application of 40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5(SSP) + 20 kg K2O (R. pen) + 5 kg PSB/ha (Soil application) recorded maximum seed and oil yield.
- Application of RDF + 2.5 t FYM + 20 kg ZnSO4+ 25 kg FeSO4 / ha gave the maximum seed yield, NMR, B:C ratio and oil yield of sesame in all locations.
- Application of 50% N through urea + 50% through oil cake at Jalgaon; 100 % N through urea at Mandor, Tikamgarh and Powarkheda; 50% N through urea + 50% N through FYM + P at Nagpur and 50% N through urea + Azotobacter+ Azospirillum + PSB + half recommended P recorded the maximum seed yield and NMR over the years. The increase in seed yield by nutrient management over control ranged between 54 to 220% at the centres.
- Application of FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + seed treatment (Azospirillum+ Phosphobacteria + PGPR each @ 600 g/ha of seed) + soil application of biofertilizer (Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria + PGPR each @ 2 kg/ha) and foliar application of panchagavya 3% spray at 30 and 45 DAS.
Organic Farming- 01
In organic production technology, application of 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB resulted in maximum seed yield, oil content and oil yield at Jabalpur.
Weed management- 04
- Pre emergence application of Alachlor 1.5 kg/ha followed by hand hoeing at 30 DAS or Pre emergence application of Quizalofop ethyl 20 g/ha followed by hand hoeing 30 DAS was the best integrated weed management technology in Western and Central India.
- Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 30EC @ 0.50 kg/ ha followed by one hand weeding at 20 DAS proved to be better weed control method in sesame.
- Dibbling of sesame seeds on plastic mulch proved excellent technology for control of nuts, grasses and other broad leaf weeds in kharif
- One hand weeding at 15 DAS + vegetative mulching (4 t/ha organic waste) was the best in-situmoisture conservation technique for maximum seed and oil yield of sesame.
NIGER
ICM- 05
- Intercropping of niger + ricebean (2:4) at Igatpuri, niger + frenchbean (4:2) at Semiliguda recorded the maximum NEY, NMR and B:C ratio.
- Application of RDF+ two foliar sprays of urea at flowering and capitula formation stage gave maximum seed yield and NMR were reported with at all the centres.
- One hand weeding at 15 DAS + vegetative mulching (4 t/ha organic waste) was the best in situmoisture conservation for maximum seed and oil yield.
- Intercropping system: Niger + Kodo/Kutki/Pearlmillet/Greengram (2:2) and Niger+ Ricebean/Cowpea/Frenchbean (4:2) are found to be remunerative.
- Seed loss due to shattering after the harvesting and during drying can be minimize by drying the crop directly in upright bundles tied with khuntees and threshing the crop twice (7 and 15 DAH).
INM-05
- Addition of 20 kg S/ha (through Gypsum) to RDF recorded maximum seed yield, oil content and monetary returns.
- Application of 40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 (SSP) + 20 kg K2O (R. pen) + 5 kg PSB /ha (Soil application) recorded maximum seed and oil yield.
- Fertilizer application is the most important component for higher seed production and maximum profit in niger. It gave better results when it is was done with weed control and plant protection measures.
- Application of FYM 2 t/ha + neem cake 400 kg/ha + PSB 5 kg/ha + Azotobacter5 kg/ha + ELS 15 kg/ha S + Trichoderma viride5 kg/ha seed treatment recorded higher organic niger production and improved soil fertility.
- Under green manuring and nitrogen management in niger for sustainable productivity and soil health, maximum seed yield of 668 kg/ha, NMR Rs 30853/ha and B:C ratio 2.94 were recorded in C3 Cowpea (GM-Niger). However in the different nitrogen levels, maximum seed yield of 684 kg/ha, NMR Rs 32001/ha and B:C ratio 3.02 were noted in N4 (100% RDN) at Semiliguda.
OF-01
Under organic farming, application of FYM 2 t/ha + neem cake 400 kg/ha + PSB 5 kg/ha + Azotobactor 5 kg/ha + ELS 15 kg/ha S + Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/ha seed treatment recorded higher production with improved soil fertility.
SM- 01
- Under the sowing management of niger, sowing during last week of August to 1st week of September with protective irrigation recorded higher seed yield.
WM- 01
- Infestation of cuscutacan be minimize by sieving of niger seed with 1mm sieve and seed treatment with 10 % brine solution or intercropping of niger with ragi (4:2) were found effective.
Plant Protection
Entomology
Sesame
- Identified hot spots viz., for Antigastra-Jabalpur and Tikamgarh (M.P.), Jalgaon (M.H.), Vridhachalam (T.N.), Mandor (Rajasthan), Mauranipur Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) and Bhubaneswar (Odisha); for Gall fly- Jabalpur (MP)and Mandor (Rajasthan) and Jalgaon (M.H.); for bud fly Tikamgarh (M.P.), and for Pod bug – Vridhachalam (T.N.).
- Economic threshold level (ETL) for leaf roller and hairy caterpillar – 1 to 2 larva per plant; Gallfly – 2 to 5 galls per plant or 10% damage and capsule borer – 1 larva per plant.
- Sesame+green gram (3:3) and sesame+cluster bean (3:3) intercropping minimized the incidence of leaf roller/capsule borer and bud fly.
- Spraying at bud initiation stage with insecticides dviz., imethoate 1.5 ml/l or quinalphos 25 EC 1.5 ml/l or imidacloprid 17.8% SL 0.25 ml/l is effective for the management of Dasyneuraand Asphondylia.
- Two sprays of quinalphos 25 EC 1.5 ml/l or Indoxacarb 15.8 EC 0.5 ml/l first at 30 DAS and second at 45 DAS is effective for Bihar hairy caterpillar.
- IPM module-[Resistant variety + Seed treatment with Trichodermaviride (0.4%) + Intercropping with moong bean/pigeon pea/urid bean + two sprays of Azadirachitin (0.03%)] minimized the incidence of Antigastra and Dasyneura as compared to farmer’s practice, besides being economical and ecofriendly.
- Cost effective IPM modules comprising seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 ml/kg seed + inter cropping with black gram (3:3) + installation of one yellow sticky trap @ 1 trap per plot+ two foliar sprayings, first profenofos (50 EC) @ 2 ml/l and second NSKE 5% at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively for the management of major insect pests of sesame.
- For the management of Tribolium castaneumin stored sesame, spinosad 45 SC 0.5 ml/kg seed was found most effective and gave 100% mortality of beetles at 5 days after release. However, among plant products, NSK powder (5g/kg seed) was found effective and gave 90 % mortality after 25 days after treatment.
- Evaluation of newer insecticides for the management of Antigastraindicated that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, flububendamide 480 SC, novaluran 10 EC and profenophos 50 EC were found effective and economical.
- In evaluation of different ecological engineering methods, at Dhenkanal and Jabalpur treatment [Seed treatment with viride and P. florescence (10g/kg seed) + soil application of neem cake (250 kg/ha) + border crop with maize + foliar spray of neem oil (10 ml/l)] was the most effective treatment in respect to record lowest insect pests population, plant damage, higher seed yield and BC ratio while at Vriddchalam treatment (Seed treatment with T. viride and P. florescence (10g/kg seed) + soil application of vermicompost (1 ton/ha) + border crop with pearl millet + foliar spray of vermin wash 5%) stands first and registered lowest population of leaf webber and capsule borer and higher seed yield and BC ratio.
Niger
Entomology
- Survey and seasonal incidence of insect pests conducted at Jabalpur and Chhindwara revealed that crop is damaged by 24 insect species which attack from germination till harvest. Prominent pests are niger caterpillar (Perigea capensis), semilooper (Plusia orichalcea), capsule fly (Dioxyna sororcula), aphids (Uralecuon carthami) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).
- Identified promising lines N-10, N-116, N-126, N-133, N-142 and N-144 found tolerant against capsule fly; JNS-14 for Aphids and flea beetle; N-6 and N-11were found tolerant against whitefly.
- Study of the foraging behaviour of honeybees and other pollinators indicated that the averaged number of honeybees and other pollinator was found to be at peak during early morning (7.00 hrs) and at evening period (18.00 hrs)whereas least averaged numbers of pollinators were noticed during afternoon (13.00hrs).
Pathology
Sesame
- Seed treatment with viride (5.0 g/kg) + Soil application of T. viride (2.5kg/ha)and neem cake 250 kg/ha was effective in reducing the incidence of Phytophthora, Macrophomina and resulted in the higher seed yield.
- Seed treatment with chemicals/bioagents against seed borne diseases revealed that seed treatment with carbendazim 50WP (0.1%) + thiram (0.2%) was effective to reduce the incidence of Macrophominaand Alternaria leaf spot.
- Seed treatment with viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (1:1)+ Soil application of T. viride + P. fluorescens (1:1) 2.5 kg/ha minimized the incidence of Macrophomina.
- Two sprays of wettable sulphur (0.2%) were effective to minimize powdery mildew. Copper oxychloride (0.25%) + Streptocyclin (0.01%) minimized Phytophthoraas well as phyllody, bacterial leaf spot and bacterial blight.
- Management of phyllody through newer molecules indicated minimum incidence and higher seed yield in seed treatment with imidacloprid (70WS 7.5 g/kg seed) and foliar spray of imidacloprid 17.8 SL at Mandor while at Vridhachalam seed treatment with Imidacloprid 70 WS 7.5 g/kg seed and foliar spray of thiomethaxam 0.25g/l was found effective.
- Integrated management of stem and root rot of sesame: seed treatment with viride@ 10 g/kg, furrow application of enriched T. viride (2.5 kg in 100 kg of FYM) @ 250 kg/ha followed by foliar spray of combi-product (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) @ 0.5 g/l was found effective.
- Management of sesame foliar diseases, through seed treatment with SAAF @ 3 g/kg along with 2 sprays of 0.1% carbendazim + 0.2% mancozeb recorded minimum incidence of Alternariawith the maximum seed yield.
- Integrated management of foliar diseases: spray of fungicide Myclobutanil10%WP @ 1 g/l or Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.5/l of water was found effective.
- Integrated management of foliar diseases of sesame by seed treatment with Trichoderma viride@ 10 g/kg and furrow application of enriched (2.5 kg in 100 kg of FYM) viride @ 250 kg/ha followed spray of Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole @ 0.5 g/l was found effective for the management of Alternaria leaf spot and Cercospora leaf spot.
- Soil Solarization + Two spray (10 days intervals) of Mancozeb (2.5g/l) or Kavach (2g/l) or Cupper Oxychloride (2.5 g/l) + Streptocyclin (0.01%) most effective for the management of Phytophthora blight. Treat the seeds with Captan or Thiram at 2g/kg or metalaxyl @ 4g/kg.• Avoid continuous cropping of sesame in the same field.• Remove and destroys infected plant debris.. Two sprays metalaxyl or Ridomil mz-78 1g/l.
- Spray Streptomycin sulphate or oxytetracycline hydrochloride or streptocyclin at100g/ha + copper oxychloride 1 kg/ha for the management of Bacterial leaf spot.
Niger
- Efficacy of foliar spray indicated that 0.1%carbendazim+0.2% mancozeb recorded minimum incidence of Alternaria (13.66 PDI) and Cercospora (15.49 PDI) with the maximum seed yield at Vanarasi, while at Jabalpur 0.1% carbendazim + 0.2% mancozeb followed by propiconazole 0.1% recorded minimum incidence of Alternaria (8.86 PDI), Cercospora (5.62 PDI).
- Efficacy of foliar spray indicated that 1%carbendazim + 0.2% mancozeb recorded minimum incidence of Alternaria (14.0 PDI), Cercospora (14.5 PDI), whereas the maximum seed yield was recorded with propiconazole.
Extension
Sesame (2016-2021)
State | FLDs (No.) | Mean seed yield (kg/ha) | Increase in seed yield (%) | |
IT | FP | |||
Gujarat | 130 | 763.1 | 543.2 | 40.48 |
Madhya Pradesh | 510 | 602.9 | 305.4 | 97.41 |
Uttar Pradesh | 494 | 471.9 | 298.7 | 57.98 |
Punjab | 126 | 539.5 | 399.6 | 35.01 |
Rajasthan | 110 | 498.6 | 398.5 | 25.12 |
Maharashtra | 250 | 476.7 | 368.5 | 29.36 |
Tamilnadu | 135 | 831.0 | 489.4 | 69.80 |
Karanataka | 132 | 607.8 | 295.4 | 105.75 |
Jharkhand | 65 | 576.3 | 298.2 | 93.26 |
Total | 1952 |
Niger
State | FLDs (No.) | Mean seed yield (kg/ha) | Increase in seed yield (%) | |
IT | FP | |||
Gujarat | 62 | 433.2 | 281.0 | 54.16 |
Jharkhand | 144 | 434.9 | 338.6 | 28.44 |
Karnataka | 10 | 620.0 | 397.5 | 55.97 |
Madhya Pradesh | 330 | 456.1 | 290.6 | 56.95 |
Maharashtra | 150 | 402.9 | 265.7 | 51.65 |
Odisha | 100 | 344.8 | 185.0 | 86.38 |
Total | 796 |